Modus Operandi Essay

Modus Operandi is a term used in a criminal investigation to describe a way in which a defender goes about committing a crime. Usually it defines a pattern of activities driven by the offenders, thought and behavior processes, before, during, and after the crime. It is also used in criminal profiling, where it can assist with obtaining clues regarding an offender’s psychology. It consists of examining the actions used by the offender to execute the crime, prevent its detection and/or facilitate escape. (Vronsky, 2004)A criminal’s MO pertains to facts gathered from a crime scene, giving investigators insight into how, when and where the crime was committed. For example, a criminal may use a particular weapon or focus on certain type of people, time of day, or a particular neighborhood. All which support his modus operandi. The signature is the way in which a criminal leaves his mark on the crime scene. This can include, posing or branding his victim in a certain way or c arrying out his crime in a manic obsession such as torture of disfigurement, using props and/or securing souvenirs such as clothing, to relive the crime. An offender’s signature alerts profilers to the emotional and psychological aspects of the offender that are the driving forces of an offender’s crime.(Keppel,1997) Signature behaviors suggest clues regarding a criminal’s past, personality, emotions, mental state and intelligence. Criminal psychological profiling is an investigative tool utilized by experts to examine details of a crime, in the attempt to categorize, understand and predict the behavior of certain type of offenders based on behavioral clues they provide. Criminal psychological profiling is also referred to as â€Å"criminal profiling†, â€Å"criminal profiling† and â€Å"behavioral profiling.†Criminal profiling is a behavioral composite of the unknown, put together after analyzing the crime scene and other important information pertaining to the crime. This can include the autopsy report, autopsy and crime scene photos, as well as initial police reports. Also included in crimi nal profiling, is a detailed analysis of the victim. (Douglas, et al, 1992) Additional data, such as geographical areas beyond the immediate crime scene, the method of which the offender traveled to and from the crime scene and the relevant aspects of the residential location of the victim are also examined. In addition, the relationship between the perpetrator and the victim is also analyzed. Criminal profiling is not necessarily useful in every case, yet in some cases, it can assist with narrowing down the search for an offender when used in repeated crimes committed by a specific offender, such as serial rape or murder. Knowledge gained from profiling, can aide in the interrogation process of an offender and can assist with identifying and protecting potential victims before the perpetrator gains the opportunity to offend again. Although there are many opponents against utilizing the criminal profiling techniques, the goal of criminal profiling is to deduce enough behavioral, personality and physical characteristics about an offender so that she or he may be apprehended. (Berg, 2008) Several FBI special agents have written books noting their positive experiences with utilizing their skills of a criminal profiler.FBI profiler, Robert Ressler, assisted with popularizing the field of profiling. His book, Whoever Fights Monsters, has often been credited with creating much of the public’s fascination with psychological profiling. Berg, B. L. (2008). Criminal Investigation. New York: Mc Graw – Hill. Douglas, J. E.., Burgess, A.W., Burgess A.G., & Ressler, R.K.(1992).Crime classification manual: A standard system for investigating and classifying violent crimes. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Keppel, R.D., & Birnes, W. J(1997). Signature killers: Interpreting the calling cards of the serial murderer. New York: Pocket Books. Vronsky, R. (2004). Serial Killer. New York: Berkley Publishing Group I felt that way.See when uve had a life filled with trauma,ur normal response is to â€Å"panic†,get excited,go into overdrive,defensive,loud talkn etc.Side note.I realize that alot our ppl in the hood,respond that way all the time.Not understanding their responses, are trauma responses.Normal responses based on what theyve been through.Of course they dont no that, bcuz they are always in survival,†Fight or flight† mode.Two traumatized ppl wont make it bcuz, they trigger each other.Unless, they r content with the â€Å"normalcy of it all.You no,ppl who claw@each other daily?Tear each other down,then make up as if nothin is wrong.That’s trauma to one’s spirit.Ater a while, some is gonna have to pay for that(she/he jst snapped one day).No, it was building.I need a cool calm and collected, who understands that its not personal.That my barr none attitude,is the outcome. Its the normal response baby,from being on my own at 16,DV for many yrs,dispised and unloved by my first teacher.Yea, it has to go somewhere.lol But,I work on me everyday. Truth b told, I wouldnt want to b anybody else.I felt that way.See when uve had a life filled with trauma,ur normal response is to â€Å"panic†,get excited,go into overdrive,defensive,loud talkn etc.Side note.I realize that alot our ppl in the hood,respond that way all the time.Not understanding their responses, are trauma responses.Normal responses based on what theyve been through.Of course they dont no that, bcuz they are always in survival,†Fight or flight† mode.Two traumatized ppl wont make it bcuz, they trigger each other.Unless, they r content with the â€Å"normalcy of it all. You no,ppl who claw@each other daily?Tear each other down,then make up as if nothin is wrong.That’s trauma to one’s spirit.Ater a while, some is gonna have to pay for that(she/he jst snapped one day).No, it was building.I need a cool calm and collected, who understands that its not personal.That my barr none attitude,is the outcome. Its the normal response baby,from being on my own at 16,DV for many yrs,dispised and unloved by my first teacher.Yea, it has to go somewhere.lol But,I work on me everyday.Truth b told, I wouldnt want to b anybody else.

Traffic Signal

He was the one who had emancipated Springfield from the corrupted governmental also reduced the crime in Springfield by introducing new laws and revamping the judicious system. Mr. Duncan had made some important changes for Springfield which improved it ,so he was extremely crucial for the well being of the city. The police found the dead body on 1 8th October at 5 am. When Mr. Ducat's death had spread across the news, the S. P. D realized that no one in their department was good enough to take charge and solve the murder. So Blake Cross from the N. Y. P. D was called to solve the case.Blake had a great reputation of solving difficult cases, once he solved a case with just a parking ticket! This time he had a lot of pressure on him as he was investigating the case of the Mayor. When Blake started searching the crime scene he found an asthma inhaler,so he suspected it had the murderer's fingerprints ,then he send the asthma inhaler to the forensic department to see if there were any p rints. The lab found the prints of Ben Cohn,he was of the opposition party of Springfield. Ben also fit as a classic murder suspect as he was Mr. Duncan nemesis.He also threatened to kill him a month ago. When the police went to interrogate Ben ,they found that he had a perfect alibi. He said that he was at his friend Scotty James house. The police checked with Scotty and he confirmed that they both were at his house. But Blake still thought that Ben was the one who murdered him and know Blake knew that Scotty was lining about Ben not killing Mr. Duncan. Blake was suspicious so he scrutinized Scotty lifestyle,recent behavior,counterparts scrutinizing Scotty for 1 day he found something that was very weird.Scotty salary was 40000 dollars per onto,but Blake found out that Scotty had a secret account in which he had 100000 dollars put in this month. So Blake knew that Ben had pawed Scotty to keep his mouth shut about the murder and to make a fake alibi for him. This time Blake went to Scotty personally to make him accept that he lied about Ben. Blake did a very clever thing to make Scotty admit that he lied,he told him that he would send him to jail for the crimes he committed earlier and never got caught for etc unless he admitted that Ben murdered Mr. Duncan.

Evaluate Critical Thinking

My perception of our team’s metaphors as a whole is that we all are capable of expressing our thoughts about things in our lives as we see them through metaphors. Each of our metaphors allowed others to identify with our thoughts by connecting words with our senses. The metaphors that my team members have written are descriptive and easy to understand. The metaphors that the team members have written were very good and descriptive in my opinion. Personal Barriers None of our metaphors seemed to have any thinking errors in them such as, egocentric thinking, polarized thinking, or over-generalizations. Personalized barriers such as, enculturation was present in some of our metaphors and did affect the way we critically thought them through. Because most of our metaphors were based on things in our lives it was not surprising that these sources produced metaphors with enculturation. I think everyone, especially myself, has to be careful not to allow personal barriers get in the way. By not allowing their personal barriers to get in the way they were able to create easily understood metaphors. I think that the team did a good job in doing this. Language The next tool is language I think that the way the team constructed their metaphors through the use of language was clear and interesting. I do not really understand how someone could accurately communicate using metaphors. We as a society do not communicate this way and I find that it would be tough to communicate in this manner. We are meant to speak a certain way in order to communicate accurately for instance in America we speak English and in Germany they speak German. It would be difficult to go to Germany and speak English and communicate effectively if they only understood a little English. I personally could not communicate using metaphors to communicate accurately. The language in which we write, talk, and think helps for the individuals listen understand the message that we are trying to convey to them. So we must be clear in the message and the wording that we use to get our message across. The team did this well when contrasting their metaphors. I was able to understand what they were saying in most of their metaphors. One example is from Stephens metaphor about family â€Å"Constant and Changing; Joy and happiness; Frustration and confusion,† The language that he used describes the emotions that a family goes through and the language describe it well. Feelings The majority of our metaphors reflected our feelings towards family, events, and places. Our feelings were put into our metaphors to help connect our words to their meaning. In my opinion this is where the metaphor becomes powerful. It seems to me that there is a lot of feeling in many of their metaphors. One can feel it as it is read. The next tool is creativity check I believe that most of the metaphors exhibited a lot of creativity while remaining clear. Like feeling I think that creativity plays a very important role in the metaphors. The next tool used is that of organization. Creative Thinking I feel that all of our metaphors were creatively thought through. We successfully transformed our thoughts into a language that everyone could understand and appreciate. From what I can tell most of the metaphors created exhibited some kind of order. The last tool was logic. I also feel that the team’s metaphors seemed to follow this well. I would say that over all the metaphors that the team created was very creative, and fun to read. I would also say that some seemed to contain a lot of feeling, which also made them more enjoyable to read. By putting their feelings behind the metaphors and made the metaphors originally and showed that creative thinking was utilized when writing the metaphors.

Wingtip Toys Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Wingtip Toys - Assignment Example Thus, the notion of keeping in touch with all the hardware and software changes all around the globe are the leading driving factors to organizations maintaining their day-to-day updates on Information Technology. One of the major software advancements that go hand in hand with changes in network configurations of several organizations is the Windows Server (Stair & Reynolds, 2012). Windows Server, a server-based operating system provided by the Microsoft Corporation. It offers a significant number of useful services to its targeted users. Among the major uses of Windows Server is the general feature of providing users with a front end where they can perform their daily activities as regards application management and surfing the Internet (Stair & Reynolds, 2012). Furthermore, Windows provides the capability for users to play games or make controls on online applications that are based on other servers usually over the satellite. Over the last few decades, Windows Server 2003 was the most widely used in performing the aforementioned activities all around the globe.... The new one usually focuses on solving major problems that exist in the earlier versions. On the basis of the advancements in features and capabilities in Windows Server 8 Wingtip Toys aims to take a thorough analysis of the Strengths, Weaknesses, and Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) that form the fundamental aspects of this System software. For any network administrator, SWOT analysis of a new hardware or software acts as the focal point to determining the capability of the new feature to meet the expected network security standards in an organization and as per the globally accepted characteristic of a safe networking environment (Dulaney, 2011). As mentioned earlier, Windows Server 2008 is system software of which it will be expected to aid in smoothening the networking activities that go around in Wingtip Toys business organizations and specifically in its need to be connected over satellite based network servers. Thus, the notion of performing a thorough SWOT analysis by a netwo rk administrator is driven solely by the urge of maintaining a secure network environment for the organization (Dulaney, 2011). The (SWOT) Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats analysis is basically built on the idea of figuring out whether or not Windows Server 2008 is more feasible compared to Windows Server 2003. It is basically clear that since Wingtip Toys greatly makes use of the internet in the performance of daily activities, then network security is at the forefront in enhancing security of the hardware devices and Software applications that are used by its clients (Dulaney, 2011). Windows Server 2008 comes in as an upgrade to

Thematic analysis social psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Thematic analysis social psychology - Essay Example This analysis leads us to a conclusion that this can have quite long term impacts on ones personality and an individual would still find all those experiences alive within themselves. The impact of a parent’s separation has a great influence on what you become in later life. This study relates the suggested aftermaths of parents separation to the real life experiences as suggested by certain psychologists. The childhood experiences either good or bad have a major impact on a person as an individual. These factors can be labeled under attribution theory of social psychology and somehow deals with the cognitive aspect of it. The attribution aspect deals with the three main factors locus, stability and controllability and is closely associated with the personal feelings, experiences, expectations and how one controls the reason that results in the variation of behavior. Parents play a major role in a childs life, and the attachment a kid has to his parents plays a very constructive role in his development. (Bowlby 1951). Bowlby also supports the view the child undergoes separation anxiety due to the family issues he confronts. It is clearly noticed that a child has special bonding to his parents especially mother, and if the home environment stability goes off one is likely to have an impact on his personality. Kate DiCamillo had gone through such occurrence in her childhood as she states that her fathers departure had had a great impact on her persona. Her writings too were greatly affected by the childhood experiences she had endured. It is certain that the things in her life did not stay the same after her dad left. The purpose of this study is to find out how these childhood experiences affected Kate DiCamillo as a person and find how the non availability of both the parents can form what you are. In this study I am focusing on how the behavior she narrates compliments the theories described by the psychologists and how her ideas get

Sustainable Living and Sustainable Construction Essay

Sustainable Living and Sustainable Construction - Essay Example Consequently, the existing infrastructure, water supplies and transport systems are strained by the new housing. Therefore, there is very little difference between this housing scheme and the ones carried out in the past. For many years now, anti-road building lobbies have been arguing that governments should cease building new roads because this will just encourage more people to travel by car, resulting in increased harmful exhaust gas emission. â€Å"Governments are taking advantage of this lobbying to cut back on spending on roads leading to deterioration of the road network† (Bleischwitz, 29). Critics are also arguing that the same logic is not applied by the government to new housing because it results in the generation of new taxes. The government simply overlooks the fact that increased housing units lead to increased road traffic in the localities concerned. These practices are understandable since many authorities, institutions, and even individuals tend to focus on reducing costs while simultaneously maximizing benefits. Unfortunately, this is often undertaken at the expense of maximizing positive impact on the environment, and often leads to environmental degradation, and wastage of natural resources. Opponents of sustainable living and sustainable construction indeed have strong arguments against the suitability of this practice for conservation of the environment. However, they overlook many crucial factors regarding this issue which make their arguments irrelevant. First of all, sustainable living and construction can only achieve their aims when they are fully adopted and implemented. Partial adoption and implementation does not meet... The researcher of this essay states that despite the obvious benefits that sustainable living and sustainable construction, that was discussed in the essay and have positive impact on the lives of human beings and the environment in general, criticism has emerged from several quarters challenging the usefulness of these two practices. A number of well-known scholars in the field of sustainable development have raised concerns that sustainable growth is, in fact, an irreconcilable paradox, whose overall effects on the environment are largely harmful. Opponents of sustainable living and sustainable construction indeed have strong arguments against the suitability of this practice for conservation of the environment. The researcher also uses Stapleton neighborhood in Denver, Colorado as an example of a community built almost entirely using sustainable development. It occupies the site previously occupied by the Stapleton International Airport, and was built using recycled materials. The case of Stapleton serves as proof to critics of sustainable development that an initiative of such a large magnitude can be successfully initiated with 100% benefits, and no negative impacts. The planning stage should be given strong emphasis to ensure that all aspects of the project comply with sustainability standards. Sustainable living and construction has to be fully compliant with ‘green’ standards in order for it to achieve its aims of conserving energy, reducing waste and preventing pollution of the environment.

Lab report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Lab Report Example These occipital condyles are projections from the bottom of the skull that attach the skull to the atlas and axis of the cervical vertebrae. This gives an indication of how upright the organism stood. The more centered that the occipital condyles are along the Frankfurt plane, the higher the probability the hominid was upright. 4) Nasal cavity shape – the nasal cavity shape helps establish ancestry and racial origin. A wider nasal chamber indicates a sub Saharan origin as compared to a narrower flared/heartshaped one in the European skull. The Mystery skull 1 belongs to anatomically modern Homo sapiens. The reason I assigned this taxon is due to the high uv/tv ratio. This implies that the hominid had a lower brow and thus the frontal lobes were higher than eye level. The tw/tv ratio is also large meaning that the foramen magnum is high. This implies an upright posture. The index of condylar position is also large implying that the foramen magnum is nearly centrally placed under the skull. This also implies a near upright gait. The facial features such as zygomatic bones are not as prominent, thus showing that the hominid did not have need for large mastication muscles. The maxillary jaw is also less protruded. This is characteristic of the more evolved hominids. The saggital sutures also close to form a well rounded calvaria characteristic of higher hominids. Mystery skull 2 belongs to the Neanderthal. The reason I assigned this taxon is due to the fact that the uv/tv ratio is relatively large. This implies that the brow ridge is not as high, and thus the brain is slightly higher placed than the eyes. The tw/tv ratio shows that the foramen magnum is located lower on the skull and thus the hominid may not have been entirely upright. The xy/xz ratio is quite large. This implies that the foramen magnum was almost centred, meaning that although the hominid was not entirely upright, it may have employed bipedal gait. The

How German Conservative helped the Nazi Party to come to power Essay

How German Conservative helped the Nazi Party to come to power - Essay Example Hitler encouraged militarism, national pride and working wholeheartedly towards a racially â€Å"Pure† German. Initially, through conservatism approach, Hitler meant what he was for a racially pure German. The pure breed conservatism approach seemingly changed the general view of German Conservatives to the social-cultural existence of the German communities. Hitler, through the pure breed notion of the German race, condemned the Jews fiercely exploiting their anti-Semitic feelings than had in the time immemorial prevailed over Europe for centuries. He changed the name of the German Worker’s Party to the National Socialist German Worker’s Party and finally to the Nazi Party (NSPDAP). Towards the end of 1920, Nazi Party had registered 3000 memberships. By 1921, Hitler fully took control of Nazi Party as their conservative leader (Fuhrer). How did Nazi Germany treat disabled people? The Nazi launched a hugely innate propaganda campaign against mental and physically incapacitated Germans. The Nazi German, through all these propaganda, killed, persecuted and isolated that individual whose genes were incompatible with the ideal German populace genes. The disabled individuals in German culture did not fit into the Nazi typecast of the pure Aryan, which is a physically fit populace with an adversely loyal mind to oblige the Reich. Overly, the Nazi Party viewed the disabled part of a social system as a burden since were unproductive and unable to work thus, in most cases, drained the state resources.

Test on British politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Test on British politics - Essay Example Due to her membership to the EU, Britain’s government is not only concerned with the internal organization but also the various international dimensions as prescribed by the stated rules and regulations within the group. EU membership has had significant impact on areas of law that European Union Law cuts across. As a result, the EU membership has resulted into significant constitutional changes in Britain. For instance, through being a member of the EU, Britain has to drop the ‘old constitution’ thereby ceasing to be a sovereign state. No doubt therefore, that being a member of the European Union significantly affected the constitution of Britain. Other than being a legal source to the constitution as well as defining the activities and inclusions into the constitution, Britain’s membership to the EU has given the European Law primacy over the various national legislations developed. Impact of Britain’s constitution as a result of being a member of EU is determined by the proportion of laws in Britain that are derived from the EU laws. The proportion of laws, rules, and regulations derived from EU laws and incorporated into Britain’s constitution is significantly high hence indicating that the former has had significant impact on the latter. Another impact of the Britain’s EU membership on the constitution is the idea of task enforcing the law within Britain. Evidently, the enforcement of the constitution has been extended to the European courts and not to the Britain courts as it was earlier on.

Financial report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Financial report - Essay Example The process of determining the viable option entailed the application of mathematical techniques and models such as the regression analysis, the LM test and the decision rule to arrive at the most promising and viable investment option. Therefore, 50 countries were used to apply these tests, while using variables such as the GDP per capita, the inflation rates, the consumer price index and the secondary schools to modify the mathematical models and reach at a conclusive decision on the most promising investment opportunity that could be adopted. After the application of the mathematical models and the modification of these models with the above mentioned variable, a decision was reached that investing the 2 billion in secondary school education was more promising than investing the same in the banking sector, where the money could have been used to bail out the banks. Financial decisions are among the most difficult decisions to reach. This because, while making a financial decision, varied considerations should d be made, which call for a greater level of accuracy and precise estimations (Ingersoll, 1987 p47). Additionally, financial decisions are not hundred percent dependable, owing to the large number of factors that affect financial investments and savings. Most significant is the fact that the complexity of making financial decisions is added to, by the nature of the risks involved in the financial sector, where a slight mistake either in prediction or estimation could mean the success or failure of the investments made (Batyrshin, 2007 p23). Therefore, it is extremely important to ensure that financial decisions are reached with the highest degree of precision possible, while at the same time putting into consideration all the factors that determine the viability of the decisions. This financial report presents the considerations that were

Domestic policies of presidents Reagan, Bush, and Clinton Essay

Domestic policies of presidents Reagan, Bush, and Clinton - Essay Example According to Tannsjo, this attitude â€Å"is the first step towards an adequate characterization of conservatism† (3). Conservatism focuses on the economic autonomy and the measures to maintain a small government with guaranteed protection against terrorism. The concept of conservatism has seen some modification after the postwar era or since some decades, and this new concept has affected the meaning of political and public verve in the United States. Ronald Reagan, the 40th American president from 1981-1989, was a Republican politician and a conservative leader. The history of America shows that most of the conservative politicians belonged to the Republican Party. Reagan’s domestic policies focused on lowering down the federal regulation. He emphasized upon the importance and establishment of private enterprises and worked toward lowering the taxes. The aim behind tax cuts was to improve productivity with reduced government spending and investment in domestic field so that more should be spent on national defense and protection against violence. Although his conservative policies did face some difficulties in the form of recession in the beginning of his career, yet the economical infrastructural strengthened its roots afterwards. This way, we can say that Reagan’s domestic policies were a reflection of rise of conservatism in the American politics.

Boston Beer Essay Example for Free

Boston Beer Essay Boston Beer Company is the maker of Samuel Adams brand beer and the beer industry’s leading craft brewer. On the year of 1995, the Boston Beer filed a registration statement with the U. S. SEC for an initial public stock. Now let’s start from the strategy direction of Boston Beer for analyzing the company. Strategies of Boston Beer Company in its beginning stage of the business were 1) outsourcing beer production facilities instead of building new facilities which requires approximately 10 million capital investment 2) marketing customers by appealing customer’s sense of patriotism in order to attack the imported beers. Boston Beer Company’s competitive advantages can be signified by sources of beer industries and its competitors. The re-reemergence of the craft breweries segment in 1990s had affected the decline of mass-produced beer companies. An increase of health and safety consciousness of beer consumers caused the market for distinctive and flavorful beers. Because of the new trend and customer needs in beer industry, Boston Beer Company was able to grow rapidly. Exhibit 1 shows the tremendous growth of U. S.craft brewing industry barrels and Boston Beer Company is a beneficiary and one of the leading companies that take the lead of the craft brewing market growth. Furthermore, Boston Beer Company’s outsourcing facilities in its early stage of the production and marketing approach to its customers lead the company to have the strategic advantage over its rival entities within competitive beer industry. Boston Beer Company’s income statement and balance sheet (Exhibit 3, 4) show the company has been growing rapidly with a significant growth of revenue and income. Notable competitors’ public stock offering transaction also strengthen the idea that set range of the stock price (10 to 15 dollars) of the company’s bankers can be adjusted to the level of its competitors (17 to 16 dollars per share) because of the growth rate of the company and its healthy financial situation. Currently, Boston Beer using dual-class structure, Class A and Class B, for its equities part. The company’s Class A Common Stock is not entitled to any voting rights, except for the right as a class to approve certain mergers and charter and by-law amendments and to elect a minority of the directors of the company. The Class B Common Stock has full voting rights. As of today, C. James Koch was the sole holder of record of all the company’s issued and outstanding Class B Common Stock. Boston Beer chosen a dual-class structure for its IPO because it would like to ensure that the firms founders and top executives maintained control. Thus, dual-class shares satisfy owners who dont want to give up control, but do want the public equity market to provide financing. In some cases, company performance may benefit from the existence of dual-class shares. Founders often have a longer term vision than investors focused on the most recent quarterly figures. Since stock that provides extra voting rights often cannot be traded, it ensures the company will have a set of loyal investors during rough patches. On the other hand, it can be seen as downright unfair. It creates an inferior class of shareholders and hand over power to a select few, who are then allowed to pass the financial risk onto others. Normally, the existence of dual class shares would be a problem if an investor believed the disproportionate voting rights were allowing inferior management to remain in place in spite of the best interests of shareholders. For outside investors, they should always research the details of a companys share classes if they are considering investing in a firm with more than one class. Due to the sole holder of company’s Class B common stock, it means that The Class B shareholder has significant influence over the company. Mr. Koch is able to exercise substantial influence over all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the composition of the board of directors and approval of equity-based and other executive compensation and other significant corporate matters. This could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of the Company and will make most transactions difficult or impossible to accomplish without the support of Mr. Koch. The risk of investing in the Boston Beer Company first is located on the competitive pressures of the beer industry. With this situation, the profit margins will be declining due to competition on prices and higher production costs on specialty beers. Since the flavor is important for customer’s choices and the eruption of competition in the craft beer industry had increased the pressure to introduce new beers to maintain and grow market share, the research and development facility investment for new product development is increasing each year, together with the increased advertising, promotional and selling expenses. With the expansion of scale and size of the company, Boston Beer also invested more and more on capital expenditures, in 1995 Boston Beer invested $4. 5 million on capital expenditures increase and in 1996 invested another $13 million for related technology equipment at its contract brewing facilities. The large investment on asset-based financing arrangements could take large amount of cash flow and newer technology will raise the dilemma of more investment on updating for new equipment, which can cause the broken of normal cash flow operation. From Exhibit 5 we can see that the capital raised form initial Public Stock Offerings from 1993 to 1995 can vary a lot from $34 million in 1993 drop to about $19. 8 million in 1994, the wave of raised capital can have large effect on decision making process. There was always the potential that the IPO could be under-subscribed and therefore pulled from the market. Then the company would thus miss an opportunity to raise much-needed capital. Before the IPO, Boston Beer was organized as a limited partnership which would be dissolved in November 1995. And at the time of dissolution, the company would distribute $12. 5 million to its existing partners, The IPO proceeds would be used to immediately repay the debt incurred in dissolving the original partnership. Also, the company was planning to use $7 million of the proceeds to fund capital expenditures in 1996, while the remaining proceeds were to be used to fund working capital expenses or invested in investment grade securities. Talking about the over-capitalization, this is a situation when total of owned and borrowed capital exceed its fixed and current assets. An over capitalized company can be like a very fat person who cannot carry his weight properly, which is, in great troubles. There are many causes of over capitalization. First is the idle fund, money may be living idle in banks or in the form of low yield investments. Second is the over-valuation, some fixed assets, especially goodwill, may be over-valued. Third, the fall in value can let some inventories have much higher book value than the real economic value, according to the wave of price of inventories. And the forth, the inadequate depreciation provision can also be the reason for over-capitalization. For the fair value of stocks based on two different valuation methods; the discount cash flow model and the free cash flow model. First we use the discount cash flow method to value the Boston Beer Company’s fair value. (Please see the analyze process in Exhibit 1) First, we use the income before tax from the exhibit 3 in the year 1995. Because the case did not offer the depreciation fee, we assume the depreciation to be 0. Even though the tax rate changes slightly every year, we use the tax rate in the year 1995. From the form above, we can see the change in net working capital and capital expenditure is very small in the year 1995. But from the case we know that after the company raises money from the IPO, the company was planning to use $7 million of the proceeds to fund capital expenditures in 1996. And the remaining proceeds were to be used to fund working capital expenses or invested in investment grade securities. Because we are valuing the firm before IPO and do not know the exact number the firm will spend on the working capital and capital expenditure. We assume the firm will increase stable. We calculate the free cash flow of year 1995 using income before tax*(1-tax rate)-change in net working capital-capital expenditure. Then we use the growth rate from 1996 to 2000 to calculate each year’s estimate free cash flow. We use the discount rate 10%, the perpetuity growth rate 5% and the free cash flow of year 2000 to calculate the terminal value. Terminal value= free cash flow in 2000*(1+growth rate) / (discount rate- growth rate). Then use the discount rate, all the free cash flow and the terminal value to calculate the fair value of the company. The value of the Boston Beer Company is around 244 million. From the exhibit 3 in the case, we know the shares outstanding in year 1995 are 18273000. The case said that a total of 3984215 shares were to be offered in Boston Beer’s IPO, of which the company would issue 2540379 shares to raise capital for expansion. In addition, existing partners would sell 1443836 shares. Therefore, the new issued share would be 2540379. After add the new issued share to the original shares, we can calculate the stock price using the fair value. So the stock price=fair value/ total shares outstanding. The stock price we estimate is around 11. 74 dollar/share. The second method is for the free cash flow model in evaluating the company’s value. The first assumption is to assume that Boston Beer will pay dividend so that we can use the dividend discount model to find a fair value. The growth rates are 40% in 1996-1997 and 30% in 1998-1999 and 5 thereafter. We assumed that ROE will be constant at 47. 39% and EPS in 1995 is 0. 35 (both figures was given in the case’s exhibit 3 but should use the annualized number). Retention ratio comes from growth/ROE. All assumptions are listed in the table below. Based on these assumptions, we find that the fair value of stock at the time in the case should be $15. 42. (Please see the exhibit 2) According to the statistic and analyze, we come to summarize the opinion on the short-term and long-term current outlook for America’s brewing industry, especially with respect to its international competitors. Brewers Association announced the fact that 2,075 US craft breweries operated and 2,126 total breweries operated as of July, 2012, the highest total since the 1880s. Overall U. S. beer sales were down an estimated 1. 3% by volume in 2011, 1. 2% in 2010. Imported beer sales were up 1% in 2011 and up 5% in 2010. However, craft brewers sold an estimated 11,468,152 barrels of beer in 2011, up from 10,133,571 in 2010. These statistics suggest that imports and craft beers are in growth, while sales of main players in US beer market, such as AB InBev and MillerCoors , are declining. I assume this situation is going to last for a few years. Imports will keep increasing because a significant number of people, especially young drinks having been enjoy drinking quality beers. Craft beers are popular because the hallmark of craft beer and craft brewers is innovation and craft brewers have distinctive, individualistic approaches to connecting with their customers. In the long term, US beer companies may increase their sales by brewing imported beers in US. AB InBev began brewing Beck’s-previously imported- at St Louis brewery earlier last year. Also, though almost all craft brewers are operation at or near their full capacity, many craft brewers cannot meet growing demand. Some brewers have increased their sales by outsourcing some of production. With more craft brewers increasing investment and production, we can predict that sales of craft beers will go up more in the future. (See Exhibit 3and 4) Exhibit 1 Discount cash flow method Exhibit 2 Free cash flow method Exhibit 3US Breweries Operating as of July 1, 2012| | | Brewpubs| 1072| | Microbreweries| 922| | Regional Craft Breweries| 81| | Total US Craft Breweries| 2075| | Large Non-Craft Breweries| 22| | Other Non-Craft Breweries| 29| | Total US Breweries| 2126| | Exhibit 4.

Three Phase System Outline

Three Phase System Outline Single phase systems are defined by having an AC source with only one voltage waveform. Figure 1 is a simple AC circuit. Single-phase power distribution is widely used especially in rural areas, because the cost of a single-phase distribution network is low. Figure 1:- Single phase system schematic diagram Today most of the electrical power generated in the world is three-phase. Three-phase power was first conceived by Nikola Tesla. Three-phase power was the most efficient way that electricity could be produced, transmitted, and consumed. A three-phase generator has three separate but identical windings that are 1200 electrical apart from one another. 5.2 Three Phase Circuit Three-phase voltage systems are composed of three sinusoidal voltages of equal magnitude, equal frequency and separated by 120 degrees, as shown in Figure 2. It is one voltage cycle of a 3 phase system. It is labeled 0 to 360 ° (2 Ï€ radians) along the time axis. The plotted lines show the variation of instantaneous voltage (or current) over time. This power wave cycle will repeat usually  50 (50Hz), 60 (60Hz), or 400 (400Hz)  times per second, depending on the power system  frequency (Hz). The colors of the lines are in the  American Color Code for 3-phase wiring. It is black=VL1  red=VL2blue=VL3. Figure 2:- Three phase waveforms Three phase systems may or may not have a neutral wire. The neutral wire allows 3 phase systems to use a higher voltage while still supporting lower voltage 1 phase appliances. In  high voltage 3 phase distribution  situations it is common not to have a neutral wire as the loads can simply be connected between phases (phase-phase connection). 5.2.1 Advantage over Single Phase system Three phase system is better to single phase system. The reason for the advantage over single phase system is given below. The horsepower rating of three-phase motors and the KVA (kilo-volt-amp) rating of three-phase transformers is about 150% greater than for single-phase motors or transformers with a similar frame size. Figure 3:- Single-phase power falls to zero three times each cycle. Figure 4:- Three-phase power never falls to zero. The power delivered by a single-phase system pulsates, as shown in Figure 3. The power falls to zero three times during each cycle. The power delivered by a three-phase circuit pulsates also, but it never falls to zero, as shown in Figure 4. In a three-phase system, the power delivered to the load is the same at any instant. This produces superior operating characteristics for three-phase motors. In a balanced three-phase system, the conductors need be only about 75% the size of conductors for a single-phase two-wire system of the same KVA rating. This helps offset the cost of supplying the third conductor required by three-phase systems. If a magnetic field is rotate through the conductors of a stationary coil then a single phase alternating voltage can be produced. This explanation is shown in Figure 5. Figure 5:- A single-phase voltage. Since alternate polarities of the magnetic field cut through the conductors of the stationary coil, the induced voltage will change polarity at the same speed as the rotation of the magnetic field. The alternator shown in Figure 5 is single phase because it produces only one AC voltage. Figure 6:- The voltages of a three-phase system are 120 ° out of phase with each other. If three separate coils are spaced 120 ° apart, as shown in Figure 6, three voltages 120 ° out of phase with each other will be produced when the magnetic field cuts through the coils. This is the manner in which a three-phase voltage is produced. 5.2.2 Classification Three-phase supply voltages and load systems have two basic configurations: a). wye or star connection and b). delta connection. 5.3 Star and Delta connection The Wye is a 4-wire system. Wye configurations typically include a neutral line (N) connected to the common point (3 phase plus neutral for a total of four wires), as shown in Figure 7. Figure 7:- A wye connections is formed by joining one end of each of the windings together. The Delta, as shown in Figure 8, is a 3-wire system which is primarily used to provide power for three-phase motor loads. The system is normally ungrounded and has only one three-phase voltage available. The lack of a system ground makes it difficult to protect for ground faults. Often, a ground detection scheme, employing ground lamps, is used to provide an indication or alarm in the event of a system ground. The Delta System is sometimes corner grounded to protect for ground faults on the other two phases. Figure 8:- Three-phase delta connection 5.4 Phasor diagrams 5.4.1 Star connection The voltage measured across a single winding or phase is known as the phase voltage, as shown in Figure 9. The voltage measured between the lines is known as the line-to-line voltage or simply as the line voltage. The currents flowing in the phases are called phase currents and currents flowing in the lines are called line currents. Figure 9:- Line and phase voltages are different in a wye connection. The parallelogram method of vector addition for the voltages in a wye-connected three-phase system is shown in Figure 10. Figure 10 shows how the line voltage may be obtained using the normal parallelogram addition. Figure 10:- Phasor diagram of Star connection Voltage However, the line voltage is not equal to the phase voltage. The line voltage V1-2 is equal to the phasor difference of VA and VB. The line voltage V2-3 is equal to the phasor difference of VB and VC. The line voltage V3-1 is equal to the phasor difference of VC and VA. The line voltages are defined as: V1-2 = VA VB, V2-3 = VB-VC, and V3-1 = VC-VA. Here V1-2, V2-3, V3-1 are the line voltage (VLine) and VA, VB, VC are the phase voltage (VPhase) of Wye connection. VA, VB, VC are the reverse phase voltage of VA,VB, VC. The two phasors VA and VB are 600 apart. V1-2 = VLine = VA VB = [VPhase (-VPhase)] cos(600/2) = 2 VPhase cos300 = √3 VPhase The two phasors VB and VC are 600 apart. V2-3 = VLine = VB-VC = √3 VPhase The two phasors VC and VA are 600 apart. V3-1 = VLine = VC-VA = √3 VPhase  Ã…“ V1-2 = V2-3 = V3-1 = line voltage = VLine =√3 VPhase Current On a Wye system or star connected supply, the phase unbalance current is carried by the neutral. On a Wye system, the line current (current in the line) (ILine) is equal to the phase current (current in a phase) (IPhase) i.e. ILine = IPhase Power Total power P = 3 Power in each phase = 3 VPhase IPhase cosÃŽ ¦ = 3 (VLine/√3) ILine cosÃŽ ¦ [for Wye connection] = √3 VLine ILine cosÃŽ ¦ Where VLine and ILine are the line voltage and the line current of a star connected supply. The term cosÃŽ ¦ is called power factor of the circuit and its value is given by; cosÃŽ ¦ = R/Z Where R and Z are the resistance and impedance of a circuit. 5.4.2 DELTA CONNECTIONS In Figure 11, voltmeters have been connected across the lines and across the phase. Ammeters have been connected in the line and in the phase. Figure 11:- Voltage and current relationships in a delta connection The delta connection is similar to a parallel connection because there is always more than one path for current flow. Since these currents are 120 ° out of phase with each other, vector addition must be used when finding the sum of the currents, as shown in Figure 12. Figure 12:- Phasor Diagram of Delta connection Voltage In the delta connection, the three voltages are equal in magnitude but displaced 1200 from one another. In the delta connection, line voltage (VLine) and phase voltage (Vphase) are the same. VLine = Vphase Current In the delta connection, the line current and phase current are different. The line current is the vector sum of two individual phase currents. The line current I1 is equal to the phasor difference of IA and IC. The line current I2 is equal to the phasor difference of IB and IA. The line current I3 is equal to the phasor difference of IC and IB. The line currents are defined as: I1 = IA IC, I2 = IB IA and I3 = IC IB. Here I1, I2, I3 are the line current (ILine) and IA, IB, IC are the phase current (IPhase) of Wye connection. IA, IB, IC are the reverse phase current of IA, IB, IC. The two phasors IA and IC are 600 apart. I1 = ILine = IA IC = [IPhase (-IPhase)] cos(600/2) = 2 IPhase cos300 = √3 IPhase The two phasors IB and IA are 600 apart. I2 = ILine = IB IA = √3 IPhase The two phasors IC and IB are 600 apart. I3 = ILine = IC IB = √3 IPhase  Ã…“ I1 = I2 = I3 = ILine = line current = √3 IPhase However, the line current of a delta connection is higher than the phase current by a factor of the square root of 3 (1.732). Power Total power P = 3 Power in each phase = 3 VPhase IPhase cosÃŽ ¦ = 3 VLine- (ILine/√3) cosÃŽ ¦ [for delta connection] = √3 VLine ILine cosÃŽ ¦ Where VLine, ILine and cosÃŽ ¦ are the line voltage, the line current and power factor of a delta connected supply. 5.5 Relationship between line and phase quantities 5.5.1 Star connection On a Wye system, the line current is equal to the phase current i.e. ILine = IPhase Where ILine and IPhase are the line current and phase current of Wye connection. In a wye connected system, the line voltage is higher than the phase voltage by a factor of the square root of 3 (1.732). Two formulas used to compute the voltage in a wye connected system are: VLine = √3 VPhase = 1.732 VPhase  Ã…“ VPhase = VLine / 1.732 Where VLine and VPhase are the line voltage and phase voltage of Wye connection. 5.5.2 Delta connection In the delta connection, line voltage and phase voltage are the same. VLine = Vphase Where VLine and VPhase are the line voltage and phase voltage of delta connection. Formulas for determining the current in a delta connection are: Where ILine and IPhase are the line current and phase current of delta connection. 5.6 Power measurement by two watt meters method In two wattmeters method, current coils of the two wattmeters are connected in any two terminals of Wye system, as shown in Figure 13. The algebraic sum of two wattmeters gives the total power consumed whether the load is balanced or not i.e. Total power = W1 + W2 Figure 13:- Wye connected load Figure 14:- Phasor Diagram The power factor angle of load impedance being ÃŽ ¦ lag. The currents will lag behind their respective phase voltages by ÃŽ ¦ as shown in Fig. 14. Current through current coil of W1 = IA. Potential difference across potential coil of W1, V1-2 = VA VB. The phase angle between V1-2 and IA is (300 + ÃŽ ¦).  Ã…“ W1 = V1-2 IA cos(300 + ÃŽ ¦) Current through current coil of W2 = IB. Potential difference across potential coil of W2, V2-3 = VB-VC. The phase angle between V2-3 and IB is (300 ÃŽ ¦).  Ã…“ W2 = V2-3 IB cos(300 ÃŽ ¦) Here load is balanced, V1-2 = V2-3 = VLine = line voltage and IA = IB = ILine = line current.  Ã…“ W1 = VLine ILine cos(300 + ÃŽ ¦)  Ã…“ W2 = VLine ILine cos(300 ÃŽ ¦)  Ã…“ W1 + W2 = VLine ILine [cos(300 + ÃŽ ¦) + cos(300 ÃŽ ¦)] = VLine ILine(2cos300cosÃŽ ¦) = √3VLine ILine cosÃŽ ¦  Ã…“ W2 W1 = VLine ILine [cos(300 ÃŽ ¦) cos(300 + ÃŽ ¦)] = VLine ILine(2sin300sinÃŽ ¦) = VLine ILine sinÃŽ ¦ tanÃŽ ¦ = [√3 (W2 W1)] / (W1 + W2) Thus from the two wattmeter method, we can find ÃŽ ¦. PROBLEM 1. Three coils, each having a resistance of 20- and an inductive reactance of 15-, are connected in star to a 400V, 3-phase, 50Hz supply. Calculate (i) the line current (ii) power factor and (iii) power supplied. Solution:- VPhase = VLine / 1.732 = 400/1.732 = 231V ZPhase = √(202 + 152) = 25- (i) IPhase = VPhase/ ZPhase = 231/25 = 9.24A = ILine (ii) Power factor = cosÃŽ ¦ = RPhase/ ZPhase = 20/25 = 0.8 lag (iii) P = √3VLine ILine cosÃŽ ¦ = √3 400 9.24 0.8 = 5121W 2. A balanced star-connected load of impedance (6 + j8)- per phase is connected to a 3-phase, 230V, 50Hz supply. Find the line current and power absorbed by each phase. Solution:- ZPhase = √(62 + 82) = 10- VPhase = VLine / 1.732 = 230/1.732 = 133V Power factor = cosÃŽ ¦ = RPhase/ ZPhase = 6/10 = 0.6 lag IPhase = VPhase/ ZPhase = 133/10 = 13.3A = ILine P = √3VLine ILine cosÃŽ ¦ = √3 230 13.3 0.6 = 1061W 3. Three similar coils, connected in star, take a total power of 1.5kW at a power factor of 0.2 lagging from 3-phase, 400V, 50Hz supply. Calculate the resistance and inductance of each coil. Solution:- VPhase = VLine / 1.732 = 400/1.732 = 231V P = √3VLine ILine cosÃŽ ¦  Ã…“ ILine = P / (√3VLine cosÃŽ ¦) = 1500 / (1.732 400 0.2) = 10.83A = IPhase ZPhase= VPhase/ IPhase = 231 / 10.83 = 21.33- RPhase = ZPhase cosÃŽ ¦ = 21.33 0.2 = 4.27- XPhase = √(21.332 4.272) = 20.9- LPhase = XPhase/ 2Ï€f =20.9 / (2Ï€ 50) = 0.0665H 4. The load to a 3-phase supply comprises three similar coils connected in star. The line currents are 25A and kVA and kW inputs are 20 and 11 respectively. Find (i) the phase and line voltages (ii) the kVAR input and (iii) resistance and reactance of each coil. Solution:- VPhase = Apparent power / (3 IPh) = (20-103) / (3 25) = 267V VLine= √3 VPhase=1.732-267 = 462V Input kVAR = √ (kVA2 kW2) = √ (202 112) = 16.7kVAR Power factor = cosÃŽ ¦ = kW/kVA = 11/20 ZPhase= VPhase/ IPhase = 267 / 25 = 10.68- RPhase = ZPhase cosÃŽ ¦ = 10.68 11/20 = 5.87- XPhase = √(10.682 5.872) = 8.92- 5. A balanced 3-phase, delta-connected load has per phase impedance of (25+j40)-. If 400V, 3-phase supply is connected to this load, find (i) phase current (ii) line current (iii) power supplied to the load. Solution:- ZPhase = √(252 + 402) = 47.17- IPhase= VPhase/ ZPhase = 400 / 47.17 = 8.48- ILine= √3 IPhase=1.732-8.48 = 14.7A Power factor = cosÃŽ ¦ = RPhase/ ZPhase = 25/47.17 = 0.53 lag P = √3VLine ILine cosÃŽ ¦ = √3 400 14.7- 0.53 = 5397.76W 6. A balanced 3-phase load consists of three coils, each of resistance 6-, and inductive reactance of 8-. Determine the line current and power absorbed when the coils are delta-connected across 400V, 3-phase supply. Solution:- ZPhase = √(62 + 82) = 10- cosÃŽ ¦ = RPhase/ ZPhase = 6/10 = 0.6 lag VPhase = VLine = 400V IPhase= VPhase/ ZPhase = 400 / 10 = 40A ILine= √3 IPhase=1.732-40 = 69.28A P = √3VLine ILine cosÃŽ ¦ = √3 400 69.28 0.6 = 28799W 7. Two-wattmeter method is used to measure the power absorbed by a 3-phase induction motor. The wattmeter readings are 12.5kW and -4.8kW. Find (i) the power absorbed by the machine (ii) load power factor (iii) reactive power taken by the load. Solution:- W2 = 12.5kW ; W1 = -4.8kW Power absorbed = W2 + W1 = 12.5 + (-4.8) = 7.7kW tanÃŽ ¦ = [√3 (W2 W1)] / (W1 + W2) = (12.5+4.8) / 7.7 = 3.89 ÃŽ ¦ = tan-13.89 = 75.60 Power factor = cosÃŽ ¦ = cos75.60 = 0.2487lag Reactive power = √3 (W2-W1) = √3 (12.5 + 4.8) = 29.96kVAR P O I N T S TO REMEMBER 1. The voltages of a three-phase system are 120 ° out of phase with each other. 2. The two types of three-phase connections are wye and delta. 3. Wye connections are characterized by the fact that one terminal of each device is connected together. 4. In a wye connection, the phase voltage is less than the line voltage by a factor of 1.732. The phase current and line current are the same. 5. In a delta connection, the phase voltage is the same as the line voltage. The phase current is less than the line current by a factor of 1.732. IMPORTANT FORMULAE 1. On a wye system, the relation between line and phase current is: ILine = IPhase 2. On a wye system, the line voltages are defined as: V1-2 = VA VB, V2-3 = VB-VC, and V3-1 = VC-VA. 3. In the delta connection, the relation between line and phase voltage is: VLine = Vphase 4. In the delta connection, the line currents are defined as: I1 = IA IC, I2 = IB IA and I3 = IC IB 5. On a wye system, the relation between line and phase voltage is: VPhase = VLine / 1.732 6. In the delta connection, the relation between line and phase current is: OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS 1. In a two phase generator, the electrical displacement between the two phases or winding is: (a) 1200 (b) 900 (c) 1800 (d) none of these 2. The advantage of star-connected supply system is that: (a) line current is equal to phase current (b) two voltages can be used (c) phase sequence can be easily changed (d) it is a simple arranged 3. In a balanced star-connected system, line voltage are ahead of their respective phase voltages. (a) 300 (b) 600 (c) 1200 (d) none of these 4. In a star connected system, the relationship between the line voltage VL and phase voltage VPh is: (a) VL = VPh (b) VL = VPh / √3 (c) VL = √3VPh (d) none of these 5. The algebraic sum of instantaneous phase voltages in a three-phase circuit is equal to: (a) zero (b) line voltage (c) phase voltage (d) none of these 6. If one line conductor of a 3-phase line is cut, the load is then supplied by: (a) single phase voltage (b) two phase voltage (c) three phase voltage (d) none of these 7. The resistance between any two terminals of a balanced star-connected load is 12-. The resistance of each phase is: (a) 12- (b) 24- (c) 6- (d) none of these 8. A 3-phase load is balanced if all the three phases have the same (a) impedance (b) power factor (c) impedance and power factor (d) none of these REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. How many degrees out of phase with each other are the voltages of a three-phase system? 2. What are the two main types of three-phase connections? 3. A wye-connected load has a voltage of 480 V applied to it. What is the voltage drop across each phase? 4. A wye-connected load has a phase current of 25 A. How much current is flowing through the lines supplying the load? 5. A delta connection has a voltage of 560 V connected to it. How much voltage is dropped across each phase? 6. A delta connection has 30 A of current flowing through each phase winding. How much current is flowing through each of the lines supplying power to the load? 7. A three-phase resistive load has a phase voltage of 240 V and a phase current of 18 A. What is the power of this load? 8. If the load in question 7 is connected in a wye, what would be the line voltage and line current supplying the load? 9. An alternator with a line voltage of 2400 V supplies a delta-connected load. The line current supplied to the load is 40 A. Assume the load is a balanced three-phase load, what is the impedance of each phase? 10. If the load is pure resistive, what is the power of the circuit in question 9? PRACTICE PROBLEMS 1. Three similar coils are star connected to a 3-phase, 400V, and 50Hz supply. If the inductance and resistance of each coil are 38.2mH and 16- respectively, determine (i) line current (ii) power factor (iii) power consumed. 2. Three 50- resistors are connected in star across 400V, 3-phase supply. (i) Find phase current, line current and power taken from the main. (ii) What would be the above value if one of the resistors were disconnected? 3. Calculate the active and reactive components of current in each phase of a star-connected 10,000 volts, 3-phase generator supplying 5,000kW at a lagging power factor 0.8. Find the new output if the current is maintained at the same value but the power factor is raised to 0.9 lagging. 4. Three 20 µF capacitors are star-connected across 420V, 50Hz, 3-phase, three wire supplies. (i) Calculate the current in each line. (ii) If one of the capacitors is short-circuited, calculate the line currents. (iii) If one of the capacitors is open-circuited, calculate the line currents and potential difference across each of the other two capacitors. 5. If the phase voltage of a 3-phase star connected alternator be 231V, what will be the line voltages (i) when the phases are correctly connected (ii) when the connections of one of the phases are reversed? 6. Calculate the phase and line currents in a balanced delta connected load taking 75kw at a power factor 0.8 from a 3-phase 440V supply. 7. Three identical resistances, each of 18-, are connected in delta across 400V, 3-phase supply. What value of resistance in each leg of balanced star connected load would take the same line current? 8. Three similar resistors are connected in star across a 415V, 3-phase supply. The line current is 10A. Calculate (i) the value of each resistance (ii) the line voltage required to give the same line current if the resistors were delta-connected. 9. Two wattmeters are used to measure power in a 3-phase balanced load. The wattmeter readings are 8.2kW and 7.2kW. Calculate (i) total power (ii) power factor and (iii) total reactive power. 10. A balanced 3-phase load takes 10kW at a power factor of 0.9 lagging. Calculate the readings on each of the two wattmeters connected to read the input power. 11. Three identical coils, each having a resistance of 20- and a reactance of 20- are connected in (i) star (ii) delta across 440v, 3-phase lines. Calculate for each method of connection the line current and readings on each of the two wattmeters connected to measure the power.

Tasks And Skills Of A Quantity Surveyor Construction Essay

Tasks And Skills Of A Quantity Surveyor Construction Essay The construction industry is global and extends across all real estate and infrastructure markets. As the construction projects grow in complexity and size, it is immediately clear that many quantity surveyors have diversified into providing project and building management services. Quantity surveyor (QS) is the recognized cost managers of construction as well as accountant of the building profession. The term Quantity Surveyor derives from the role taken in quantifying the various items of labour, material and plant that it takes to construct a given project. Quantity surveyor is the specialist in the financial and contractual aspects of construction projects. QS is involved at all stages of the project and is usually appointed by the architect or engineer who has designed the construction. The QSs traditional independent role on the team comprising client, architect, engineer, QS and contractor has given him a reputation and appreciation for fairness. This, combined with his expert ise in drafting and interpretation of contract documents, enables him to settle issues, avoid disputes and ensure the effective progress of a project. MAJOR TASKS OF A QUANTITY SURVEYOR Allocating work to subcontractors The QS has to interact with the site employees and employees from subcontracting organisations. The QS distribute the works to subcontractor firm. Valuing completed work and arranging payments is also one of the tasks of the QS. Once the works done, QS has to approve payments made to suppliers, employees and subcontractors. Managing costs on site and dealing with cost reconciliation A quantity surveyor is able to manage costs on a wide variety of new building projects and structures such as residential developments, sports stadiums, shopping complexes, roads and bridges, schools, hospitals, offices and factories. The QS controls cost before, during and after construction. Costs are managed from the feasibility stage of a project and continued to do so right through to tendering and construction. When a building project is complete, QS may be involved in preparing tax depreciation schedules, estimating replacement costs for insurance purposes and, if necessary, mediation and arbitration. analysing outcomes and writing detailed progress reports; Advising on the cost The QS provides cost advice for a project at inception, during construction and for any unplanned changes that occur. The QS also provides estimation during the initial stages of the process of construction procurement for the project initiators such as developers. The QS has to advise from time to time on cost management, or value management. The QS plays important role during the design phase. The QS throughout the design and construction process is required to advise the client on any cost implications that may arise. Such advice will be necessary irrespective of the procurement method used for contractor selection or tendering purposes. However, the advice will be especially crucial during the projectà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s inception. During this time major decisions are taken affecting the size of the project and the quality of the works, if only in outline form. The cost advice given must therefore be as reliable as possible, so that clients can proceed with the gre atest amount of confidence. In addition, the QS provides post-occupancy advice, facilities management services and life cycle costing advice. Preparing tender and contract documents A bill of quantities (BOQ) is a document detailing the materials, parts, and labour required to construct, maintain, or repair a structure or device. Preparation of bills of quantity for work in progress and the final accounts is also done by QS. The technique of measuring quantities from drawings, sketches and specifications prepared by architects and engineers, in order to prepare tender/contract documents, is known in the industry as taking off. The quantities of work taken off typically are used to prepare bills of quantities, which usually are prepared in accordance with a published standard method of measurement (SMM) as agreed to by the QS profession and representatives of the construction industry. Many larger QS firms have their own in-house methods of measurement and most bills of quantities prepared today are in an abbreviated format from the one required by the SMM. Emphasizing contracts management The QS also emphasizes contracts management. Trained to draft, interpret and administer complex contracts, QS who operates in the broader field of project management often adopt other titles such as Contracts manager or Construction surveyor. A number of QS work in procurement in the oil gas industry, process and power industries, and civil engineering. Their preferred title, in countries where the QS profession is less known, is Contracts engineer. The QS analyses tenders, prepare and analyze cost data and perform contract administration including evaluate interim payments to contractors, charge variations and claims and settle contract accounts. The role of a contractors QS will extend further than the day to day running of building projects and will cover such other areas as sub-contract formation, forecasting of costs and values of the project, cash flow forecasts and the collation of the operation and maintenance manuals of the project (OM manuals). The skills required by a Quantity Surveyor Being a good Quantity Surveyor, there are numerous skills required in preparing and ensuring good quality of documents for construction projects. As a professional Quantity Surveyor, knowledge in Mathematics, Information Technology(IT), Economic, Human Resource, Science, Business, Global Politics, Global General Knowledge, Geography and etc are crucial. Information technology continues to develop at an exponential rate. Virtually everyone involved in the construction industry now has extensive access to this technology. A qualified QS should be computer literate, that is, familiar with the common uses or applications of computers. Good IT and numeracy skills, together with the ability to analyse the content of complicated documents are important to be a Quantity Surveyor. The QS is able to learn sophisticated design and costing IT packages when the QS uses the computer effectively. In addition, the QS should be proficient in Mathematics. This is a bonus point when the QS is managing the cost of the construction. A well-trained QS understands both of construction techniques and technology. The QS also needs knowledge of construction law, health and safety issues, building methods and time scales, and the costs of materials. Detailed knowledge of past and current building and construction technology, business and legal matters is essential for the QS. Besides, a sound knowledge of building construction is also vital for the QS. These knowledges are required to ensure that the project is undergone smoothly. Moreover, good communications skill is necessary to express your opinions verbally as well as on paper. The ability to write clear and precise reports and to relate complex information simply to a diverse range of people are also done by the QS. Hence, the language skills are one of the skills required b a successful QS. The QS are advisable to master English. Majority of the contracts are written in English. The QS is unable to understand the contracts well due to poor language skills. Other languages such as local language in respective area are also advisable for a QS to smoothen QSà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s work during communicating with the clients. The QS is always involved in a construction team, which included architects, civil engineers, mechanical electrical engineers, quantity surveyor and etc. Good negotiating skills are important, as is initiative to make decisions. The QS has to negotiate with a wide variety of people, which means that the QS would have to listen to the opinions of others as well as giving your own point of view. Therefore, the QS must works well in a team which may require the QS to motivate and lead people on site. As a quantity surveyor, a logical and methodical person is needed in problem solving. With logical thinking, the QS uses reasoning consistently to come to a conclusion which is seem sensible. The attitude of the QS must be optimistic all the time once the project begins. The QS shows the willingness of doing jobs throughout the whole process. Passion and dedication should place in the heart of the QS in order to achieve high quality of works. Creative and innovative during solving the obstacles are crucial to the QS. Accuracy when preparing the bills of quantities is vital for the QS. A little difference in calculations will affect the whole presentation of works. Thus, the QS is always careful with the calculations to avoid any careless mistakes. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the existence of Quantity Surveyor is getting more important in the construction field. Quantity Surveyor is involved in a construction project from inception to completion and even demolition in some instances. Besides acts as the financial overseer of a particular project, QS translate the plans into detailed costs. Quantity Surveyor helps to minimize the time scales, the costs of a project and enhance value for money, while still achieving the required standards and quality. A professional Quantity Surveyor is equipped with the strong language, technical and communication skills. Strong base in Mathematics and English helps in speeding up the work as well as reducing the time scale. The QS must be flexible to any kind of work conditions such as site and office.

Problems And Preventions Of Ebola And AIDS :: Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever

Viruses have become of great concern all across the world in the last few decades. The most common and the most talked about killer virus is AIDS, a virus that starts out as HIV and then proceeds to develop into a immune breaker that ultimately kills its human host. So far, there is no cure for AIDS, and most unfortunately the numbers of deaths from AIDS only continues to grow. However, another virus has gained much public and national attention. That virus is called Ebola. It is thought that Ebola's effect on humans is restricted to Zaire, Africa. Viruses that kill people in large masses is a major threat to mankind; the only hopes of destroying the viruses is dependant upon technology. AIDS is a deadly disease that most people understand as a sexually transmitted disease. In fact, the virus can be transmitted sexually, but it can also be transmitted through blood transfusions. The fact that it can be transmitted sexually causes a great problem. Everyday, enormous amounts of people have sex--some people with different partners. People may have less sex than before because of the threat that the virus poses, but it has already started, and cannot be stopped until a cure is found. Unlike Ebola, AIDS was not detected as early as one would have hoped. The AIDS virus can stay dormant for over a decade before it is noticed as a real problem (Shenon 8). During that decade, the virus can spread like a wild fire. One person contracts the virus, transmits it to another, and another, and so on. As Shenon explains, AIDS became recognized as a real problem in the early seventies and was mostly concentrated in the United States and in Africa, but surprisingly it reached Asia a decade afterward. He goes on to explain that AIDS has spread exponentially in Asia. Thailand, recognized for its proliferation of prostitutes and illegal promotion of sex with children, could be held responsible for the tremendous outbreak of the virus in Asia, explains Shenon. He also points out that now that the virus has already broken out, Asia has the best AIDS prevention agenda in the world (8). For now the best prevention of AIDS that is available is education and protected sex. Until a cure is found for the ruthless virus, this is the only means of prevention that is available to the public. Ebola is one of the most rapidly fatal viruses on the planet and is believed to have begun somewhere in Zaire, Africa (Altman 3). There is no positive explanation as to how the virus is

Addressing Unethical Behavior in the Criminal Justice System Essay

To understand the ethical challenges in the criminal justice system, I took a look at the three parts of criminal justice, Policing, Courts, and Corrections. In doing so I found that this is quite a large topic. The areas I would like to touch on are; those areas in which the newly hired police officer, lawyer, and corrections officer my face. Having only the training he/she was given in their respective academy’s or in the case of attorneys Law School, and with the Oath of office they had just sworn to, hopefully still in, and the men and women they are placed with to guide them; above all their own sense of ethical behavior and morality. Ethics is a very personal thing; it means many things to many people. There is the mind set of â€Å"do unto others as you would have done to you†, the golden Rule, most of us learned early on in life. But as we go through life we start to get our own sense of ethical and moral behavior. We see others acting in a manner in which we would like to act, and wonder how to become more like that person, more times than not, this starts with a parent or sibling, or close family friend. At this early time we are developing our ideas of right and wrong, as well as healthy and unhealthy behaviors. Another area in which some are given a great deal of their ethical and moral values are religion, there is always a reward for doing the right thing, and a punishment for the wrong. Ethics and morality go hand in hand. The ethical and moral values we gather in the early stage of life stay with us though out our adult life. This is where the training in ethics and morality stops. For most of us we go on to live good l... ... solemn oath has a long lasting history, and is held in high regard by many, but few know its meaning. "A solemn affirmation or declaration, made with an appeal to God for truth of what is affirmed. The appeal to God in an oath implies that the person imprecates his vengeance and renounces his favor if the declaration is false, or if the declaration is a promise, the person invokes the vengeance of God if he should fail to fulfill it. A false oath is called perjury."(Webster Dictionary 1828) Works Cited Dr. Frank Kardasz â€Å"Ethics Training For Law Enforcement: Practices and Trends. (2008) Saarbrucken, Germany: VDM Verlag Richard W. De Shon â€Å" Police officer’s Oath of Office a Question of Knowledge† Eastern Michigan University. March 31, 2000 Available at: http://www.emich.edu/cerns/downloads/papers/PoliceStaff/Unsorted/OATH%20&%20ETHICS.pdf

Valkire Movie Review

On April 7, 1 943, he was severely wounded at Subset en Annual, when Allied fight strafed his vehicle. He lost his left eye, right hand, and last two fingers of his eel Ft hand after surgery. Cool. Sternberg was sick of seeing Hitter's Nazi organization in rule of Germany so he took a big Step forward in his plan to Stop Hitter's journey tow awards success. In this part of the movie I wondered why Tom Cruise didn't have a accent while playing the role of a man from Germany. Cool. Sternberg joined the German resistance organization.This organization consisted of a group of en who were antihero and were constantly thinking and conspiring ways the could overthrow the Nazi government the guys in this group seemed really s mart but in the movie when Sternberg walked in the room were the men were, t hey seemed like they were unsure about what to do until Sternberg stepped in Cool. Sternberg meets General Beck and DRP. Girdler. Beck and Girdler are members of the resistances and are also so mewhat important to the German government. If the Valerie operation was a success, DRP.Girdler would have become the leader of Germany and General Beck would've became me the leader of Germany's armed forces. When Cool. Sternberg joins the resistance, he suggests that they should consider using operation Valerie. He takes charge, and agrees to govern this mission because he believed Valerie would be there only chance of stopping Hitler. I wished in the movie they would've explained the Valerie plan a little bit more in the beginning of the movie because it took me a while to fully understand it.The actual Valerie plan consisted of Hitter's assassination, to take control of the cities, take control away from AS, and lastly arrest the Men in charge of the Nazi organization. If Hitler was to be assassinated, this would allow the Germ people to no longer have be held under control. Cool. Sternberg believed hi destiny was to save the German people from the awful destruction that Hitler W as creating. Although Sternberg had a family, feel that his love for his country was so strong that he was willing to sacrifice everything for the greater good o f his country.Cool. Sternberg learns how to use pencil detonators and decides to use this as means to assassinate Hitler. Sternberg was promoted and was now able to attend to military meetings that Hitler would be attending; this was the per effect opportunity for Sternberg to go through with his plan. Cool. Sternberg an his assistant Hafted set out a plan that seemed perfect. Sternberg and Ha often attended a military meeting that Hitler would also be attending. At this meeting Sternberg and his assistant had everything in place.Cool. Sternberg and Hafted enter the hut, they go in a back room to arm the explosive. After Sternberg secretly armed the device, he put the bomb in his brief case and walked in the meeting were Hitler and his associates were located. At this poi NT of the movie a was so anxious to see if the plan would really work because at HTH s point of the movie, everything was going perfectly as planned As Sternberg enters the war room, he put his briefcase underneath the table on the side closest to Hitler.Hafted goes outside to get their getaway c As Sternberg eagerly stands in the room with the bomb counting down an d his Hitler rambling on, he receives his call that was used as a distraction and ticket t to leave the premises. While Sternberg is on the phone, Hitler is once again angered and hits the table with his fist, knocking over the briefcase. One of the men in the meeting notices Steadfastness briefcase on it's side so he picks up bag and moves it to the other side of the table, which was the opposite side oHitler. As Sternberg quickly but calmly existed the building, the bomb goes off. It was very loud and created very noticeable destruction. Sternberg WA sure that the target had been eliminated. While watching the movie at this pop you have no clue what really happen to Hit ler, but figured that since there w still a lot of time in the movie, something had to have went wrong. The director r of this movie did a great job creating suspense in parts of the movie.The camp was taken by surprise and the soldiers were ordered to put everything on Lockwood and that no one gets in or out. Sternberg, Hafted and here driver are quickly exiting the camp and come to a road block with soldier there, the soldiers explain that know one is get in or out but Cool Sternberg tricks the soldier by calling people who pose as a general and stating to the soldiers that it is important that Sternberg is able to leave. Flexible calls Queries and tried to explain what happen.But there was such poor receipt that Queries couldn't fully hear what happen, he just knew that the bomb had went off and that everything went as planned. All communications were then cut off. Queries tries to explain to Albrecht what happen but Albrecht wants to now for sure that Hitler is dead before he ac tivates the operation. Quirkier realizes that if Albrecht doesn't launch Valerie, everything will be set back an out of order. So Queries took it upon himself to mobile the reserve army without Albrecht even knowing.At this point, Albrecht understood that if he didn't activate it, Sternberg would have no chance of making it out alive. Operation Valerie put Albrecht, Sternberg and Beck in charge of the reserve army and they're ordered to arrest Everyone who was apart of the An sis's and the AS. As the reserve were placing their arrests, they go to the AS quarters, once they enter the headquarters, they Find Joseph Gobbles who is the minister. The communications from the camp were back and Gobbles ca lied Hitler while soldiers were ready to make the arrest.Gobbles gave the phone to the soldier and he here's Doll hitless a voice and then realizes that Hitler is in fact still alive. When this happen I was so shocked because I didn't think they would've been able to cancel Valerie after it already being in affect. People SST at the camp had been making rumors about Hitler but Sternberg just ignore deed them and explained to everyone that the rumors were fake, The soldier report deed to Major Reamer and Reamer cancels the operation in Berlin and is ordered to arrest the men in charge of this conspiracy.Cool Sternberg here's everything that people are saying about Hitler still being alive but he doesn't think anything of it because he is sure that Hitler is dead because he saw the blast go off. The reserve and AS Officers went to the resistance headquarters and they came to arrest Queries, Albrecht, Hafted, Beck and Sternberg. They all tried to escape and get into a shootout with AS officers. Cool. Sternberg is hi t and the rest of the men are caught. General From sentenced them all to death.

Career Demand, Salary, and Education

Manufacturing companies call a c e precisewhere of mechanically skillful engineers, tho due to the slowdowns economically fewer lines waste generaten up in this field. The Bureau of push back Statistics expects slower-than- median(a) job harvesting between 2006 and 2016. The mechanical engineering jobs consent the most whippy setting since it cig artte deal with vertical about anything. alone you want to be in a place with a lot of manufacturing job opportunities.Entry-level mechanical engineers with a bachelors degrees realise average out annual start salaries of $58,600. In 2012 wo manpower earned much in there unveiling level jobs, just now as custody with 4 eld of witness draw and quarter $64,880, when women make $63,732. So as this show with to a capitaler extent years of experience go on men do to a greater extent money than women. 80. 2 pct of made as much as the average woman made in 2012 $76,984. all overly in addition to experience shape up pr omotion and with promotion move into a with child(p)er salary.Education Some universities that offer the programs atomic number 18 Florida terra firma and Marquette. Some advantages of going to these schools ar that they have sport teams and they have rattling little English requirements, and they have great reputations. Disadvantages of going to the schools is that they be large schools and does non give much help if you ar in need of it, to a fault they atomic number 18 both very expensive over 30 thousand a year.At Florida maintain over 60% of your courses you take ar related to engineering ranging from thermodynamics and thermo fluids to learning the fundamental principle of engineering. You alike are suggested to take physical science along with calculus III. Marquette university is about the very(prenominal)(p) thing they want you to take 70% engineer related course simply with the courses they want you to take is a persist of materials how stuff works type of engineering. They also want you to take a school of thought course and a lot more electives.Career Demand, Salary, and EducationCareer Demand, Salary, and EducationDemandManufacturing companies employ a lot of mechanical engineers, precisely due to the slowdowns economically fewer jobs have shown up in this field. The Bureau of Labor Statistics expects slower-than-average job growth between 2006 and 2016. The mechanical engineering jobs have the most flexible setting since it can deal with just about anything. But you want to be in a place with a lot of manufacturing job opportunities. SalaryEntry-level mechanical engineers with a bachelors degrees earned average annual starting salaries of $58,600. In 2012 women earned more in there entry level jobs, but as men with 4 years of experience make $64,880, when women make $63,732. So as this show with more years of experience go on men made more money than women. 80.2 percent of made as much as the average woman made in 2012 $76,9 84. Also in addition to experience come promotion and with promotion come a greater salary.EducationSome universities that offer the programs are Florida State and Marquette. Some advantages of going to these schools are that they have sport teams and they have very little English requirements, and they have great reputations. Disadvantages of going to the schools is that they are large schools and does non give much help if you are in need of it, also they are both very expensive over 30 thousand a year.At Florida State over 60% of your courses you take are related to engineering ranging from thermodynamics and thermo fluids to learning the basics of engineering. You also are suggested to take physics along with calculus III. Marquette university is about the same thing they want you to take 70% engineer related course but with the courses they want you to take is a set forth of materials how stuff works type of engineering. They also want you to take a doctrine course and a lot more electives.

Does Source B support the evidence of Source C about the Suffrage campaign?

During the early twentieth century, Womens battle for equality r individuallyed its real top of the inning as their campaign to be disposed(p) suffrage became point more fervent and frantic, as. It was around this time that the first current changes started occur and as with any subverter crusade, in that location was a great skunk of controversy surrounding it. It therefore comes as no great surprise that an large amount of media was published concerning the subject. This was created by battalion on both sides of the campaign, and so there is a very wide turn tail of the opinions voiced through and through forms of carrys, newspaper articles, speeches and in particular propaganda posters.Both these sources depict an extremely disdainful estimate towards womens suffrage, however to what end they backing each disparate in the liberalization of their views is rather debatable and demand to be considered to a further degree. Although these twain sources were written f or entirely different purposes, they astonishingly shargon one of their common principles, direct out(a) an almost identical depicted object on the actions of Suffragettes. Both authors feel that they were behaving in a maniacal manner which was tot tot all(prenominal)yy unacceptable, and one which would completely be utilise by the most preposterous lunatics. artificial lake C depicts a suffragette protesting maniacally, in a very emotional posture with greatly exaggerated and unwomanly actions. The security guard at present feels contempt towards her, seeing her as cypher but a nuisance. This feeling is past enhanced by the label underneath- The yell Sister. This is implying that the suffragette is very mentally unstable, to the extent of hysteria. Also, by Sister it is associating her into an organization, as part of a brethren which we be led to believe ar all like this.This immediately lowers all suffragette campaigners, fashioning their cause worthless. p bent age B is represent a very convertible feeling, labeling the protests as a blatant cry. The word shrill here implies how they are hysterical, irrational and desperate. Its purpose, similar to that of ascendent Cs is to demote them and stop consonant out how ridiculous their actions are. An some opposite substance in which the ii sources are linked/similar is in the bearing they dehumanize women suffrage campaigners. Source B does this simply by the backup of the book- Women or Suffragette.This suggests that a woman could only be one or the other, and that should they be a suffragette they are letting go of an femininity. raseing by just schooling the title of the book, the public feel forced into qualification a decision mingled with the two sides- between being a respected, graceful woman or being an very(a)/undefinable monstrosity. Source C uses similar tactics in putting this point across, exploitation the label and the drawing of the Suffragette behaving in an animalistic way to highlight the beastiality and abandon of the woman.Text is used to great return by both Corelli and bobwhite to soak up their views noniced, and both use fonting techniques to capture the readers attention, tinamou using a larger, bolder, more noticeable font and Corelli simply putting it in italics to stress the importance of that view. This results in the viewer being able to experience their master(prenominal) points even at a glance, which increases the liklihood of triumph of their work. (Success being that people begin to hypothesize on the moorage through the view of the authors).Whilst the Sources may support each other in their fundamental reasons, they differ quite a bit in the rest of their views. One of the biggest ways in which their opinions transform is on the tout ensemble suffrage campaign. Source B is quite all the way against the whole cause, as Corelli does not differentiate between Suffragists and Suffragattes whilst she is sla ndering female campaigners, and simply generalizes them together. On the other hand, Source C lay d receives it clear that they hold no issues whatsoever with Suffragists.In the portrait, the Suffragists is be as calm, mature and is standing very upright and sensibly. She is making no prow actions, and appears to be heavily critizing the actions of the Suffragette. In the caption, she is even labelled as the Sensible Woman. This implies that Partridge is by no means against the cause, and that if campaigners bear in appropriate and sensible manners hence he is perfectly happy to perceive to their cause, and that he is simply refusing to tolerate the delirium of Suffragettes.However, this view is not very clearly sh witness by the poster, and it left to the viewer to interpret it themselves. In general, Source C is only commenting on the tactics used in the campaign, not the reasoning behind the campaign. Source B is completely different to this, and it is in effect(p) of cr itism of Women for demanding suffrage. Corelli clams that Women were and are destined to crystalize voters rather than to be voters themselves. By the comment, she is stating that she feels that the situation is never going to change, and that women should just stay on in the Private Sphere where they are expected to be.She feels that women are not adapted of voting, and that the injustices they suffer should be stopped through other means. Corelli suggests that the lack of equality it womens own fault, saying that it is a result of the way in which mothers have reared their sons. This is saying that if Women necessitate to change the way in which they are treated in society, they must do it by giving their sons, the generation which exit shape the future as they function adults, a more morally intact view of women.Whereas inverse to this belief of it being due to womens own mistakes that society is so obvlivious to their rights, Source C suggests that it is due to Suffragette s that the campaign is still failing, as is exampled by the Suffragists commenting that Suffragettes were the causes worst enemy. In conclusion, I feel that Source B does support a great deal of the recount in Source C- that about the run techniques of Suffragettes however it can vary a great deal in other views and in some ways they even contradict each other, such as with the opinion of who was to blame for the great sexism of the time.In general, I feel that although the views of the two sources are in places identical, this is just a coincidence, as they are for different reasons. This is most possible due to the fact that the original media had different purposes. Source B was from a book which was very clearly anti-womens suffrage. Anyone who would be reading the book would clearly already be leaning towards these views, and Corelli was simply trying to rock them more, or share her opinions with them.Partridge was using his poster to appeal to Suffragettes, and to the publi c, to try and make them realize that violent, militant campaigning was not helping the cause, and making the whole subject seem just rants of hysterical, moronic women. By acting like animals with shrieking and shrill cries, they learn a bad reputation to all women, and simply give support to the claims that women were emotionally weak. The one thing which they most storngly support each other in is in blaming Suffragettes for the train of disfain the public have towards Womens Suffrage, and it is this solely which tie in the too.

Comparison of Сolonies

Comparison of Ð ¡olonies

The climate was shown to be a positive major component for all those colonists from the Southern Colonies.Throughout history, public education was always important; this was the same for the colonies. Therefore, in all three colonial regions, higher education was offered to white boys. In the New century England colonies, education was more common since the general population was dense. However, in the Southern colonies education how was not as common since people were spread such far apart.One thing its possible to take far away from this map and use in your maps.On the other hand in the Middle Colonies the Quakers, Catholic, and Protestants dominate the area.And in the South, the new church of England dominated. Great colonies need great governments. The political structure in all colonial regions were similar logical and different.

Is use the exact colours for the exact same notions.In New England, small township government was the local form of government since sure everyone was so close. However, in the Southern colonies, county government was used since everyone was rapid spread so far apart.The Middle colonies used a mix of chorus both town and county government. Lastly, economy how was both similar and different in the regions.These colonies growth wasnt excellent for Americans.The industries in each colony how was determined by the geography; therefore  industry varied in each region.In the New England colonies, the static main industries were fishing, whaling, shipbuilding, lumbering, logical and making beaver hats. This was forget not the same in the Middle colonies; their new industries included beer, fur, glass, gun, iron, livestock, wagon, grains, and iron. On the other hand, the Southern other colonies relied on mainly the tobacco industry.

Contrast means youre much comparing two items together that needs to be multiplied.Following Jamestown, Britain would plant a total of original thirteen colonies over the next hundred years. These colonies empty can be grouped into three regions. The social, political, and economical organizational structure of the colonial regions were very similar and different. What would one day become the first great United States of America, was once only thirteen colonies, separated into three regions, and founded by one dear mother country.However, letters are included by it.It has origins than each other colony.

Single women and men couldnt live by themselves.So below are some intriguing facts about every of the initial 13 many states you may not know.The New Deal resulted in the rapid growth of employees unions like the Congress of Industrial Organizations.Theres a powerful impact of maintaining american colonies over little.

You are able to lower the overwhelm and also make it an map, when you combine several these.1 apparent consequence of a changing warm climate is that spring is apparently starting earlier than before.Most white women logical and men in the South owned no slaves.Just a few other people in it owned plantations.

Some still reside in the southeastern large area of the usa.Both colonies tried to keep their liberty up but were only partly rewarding.Farmers began groups to withstand the railroad, including the Grange.It was forget not unusual to find a family of over ten.

Common Law Essay

car park justness is the be of rectitude develop from made-to-order or police forceful endings in side and U.S. speak tos, non credited(predicate) to a legislature. Which nitty-gritty that it is a brass in which principles argon create base on erstwhile(prenominal) situations with standardised conditions. In this consciousness everyday police force is founded on the precedence of starting occasions. In the incident of an pillow slip that an shell has neer before happened the consequent of this detail sets the antecedent for futher cases.Ameri flush toilet honorableness is found on federal and conjure up constitutions. The geological formation of The united States is considered to be the unconditional statutoryity of the priming and no jurisprudence muckle exchange that police force. The report sets the guidelines for both fair play in the states. This overly deems for licititys in spite of appearance states the constabulary of th e states ar considered to be the honor of that fussy state, and is the equity their unless deemed un-constitutional by the Constitution.The brilliance of case law in the juridical decision reservation address is that laws and agone cases can be examples in decisions to be made. The relevance in legal principles is what makes things related in a legal motion and helps crook decisions and which makes this impact work. straightforward remedies argon a secernate of law founded on notions of nicety and fair dealing. This supplies a allay when there is not a decent rectify available. tour a legal correct is when a court of law exercises the law and enforces the redress and orders the penalty.